汽车构造(英文版)

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汽车构造(英文版)Chaper3 Chassis
3.1clutch
The engine produces the power to drive the vehicle . The drive line or drive train transfer the power of the engine to the wheels . The drive train consists of the parts from the back of the flywheel to the wheels . These parts include the clutch ， the transmission ，the drive shaft ，and the final drive assembly .
The clutch which includes the flywheel ，clutch disc ， pressure plate ， springs ， pressure plate cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between the engine and the transmission . It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts . That is the reason why the clutch is called a friction mechanism . After engagement， the clutch must continue to transmit all engine torque to transmission depending on the friction without slippage . The clutch is also used to disengage the engine from the drive train whenever the gears in the transmission are being shifted from gear ratio to another .
To start the engine or shift the gears ， the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmission from the engine . At that time ， the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower of faster than the driving members connected to engine crankshaft . There is no spring pressure on the clutch assembly parts . So there is no friction between the driving members and driven members . As the driver lets loose the clutch pedal ， spring pressure increase on the clutch parts . Friction between the parts also increases . The pressure exerted by the springs on the driven members is controlled by the driver through the clutch pedal and linkage . The positive engagement of the driving and driven members is made possible the friction between the surfaces of the members . When full spring pressure is applied ， the speed of the driving and driven members should be the same . At the moment ， the clutch must act as a coupling device and transmit all engine power to the transmission ， without slipping .
However ， the transmission should be engaged to the engine gradually in order to operate the car smoothly and minimize torsional shock on the drive train because an engine at idle just develop little power . Otherwise ， the driving members are connected with the driven members too quickly and the engine would be stalled .
The flywheel is a major part of the clutch . The flywheel mo