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化妆品废水论文

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  • 发布时间:2012-06-09
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本次设计的目的是对化妆品废水进行初步设计,以解决化妆品行业废水带来的环境污染问题。
化妆品生产过程中排放的大多都是结构复杂、有毒有害和生物难以降解的有机物污染物质,其中COD浓度高达上万,BOD浓度高达数千mg/L,如不妥善处理,将会对环境造成严重的污染和破坏。针对其废水量邪化妆品行业废水特点,考虑成本、处理技术、进出水水质等因素,最终确定气釜水解-SBR法的处理工艺。
本流程首先设有格栅、调节池,对污水进行预处理,去除水中较大的悬概粒和调节水质水量。气浮能有效地去除废水中大部分的动植物油, 同时去除由油类物质引起的 CODCr,有利于后续的生化处理工序。二级处理采用水解酸化/SBR联合工艺,可有效地去除废水中的SS和CODcr。SBR法是-种间歇运行的废水生物处理工艺,该法具有适应性强,操作运行灵活等特点,适合于化妆品生产废水处理。通过格栅、调节池,水解酸化池、SBR处理系统的处理工艺,出水可达《污水综合排放标准》的国家-级排放标准。
本文对格栅、调节池、气浮池、SBR反应器及污泥浓缩池进行计算,编制设计说明书,并绘制工艺流程、构筑物平面及高程、主要构筑物共五张图纸。
关键词:
化妆品行业废水;气浮;水解酸化;SBR处理系统。
Abstract
The purpose of this design is the preliminary design of cosmetics industry wastewater, to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by cosmetics industry waste water.
Chemical emissions from the production process are mostly complex, poisonous and harmful and difficult to degrade toxic organic compounds and biological pollutants, including concentrations as high as tens of thousands of COD, BOD concentrations up to several thousand mg / L. If not treated properly, will cause serious pollution and destruction to the environment. In view of its wastewater quantity was small and cosmetics industry wastewater characteristics, consider the cost, processing technology, access to water quality and other factors, ultimately determine the process as air -flotation - Hydrolysis-SBR.
First, the process has a grill, adjust the pool, pretreatment of wastewater to remove larger suspended particles in water and adjust the quality and quantity. Floating can effectively remove most of the animal and vegetable oils, and remove material CODCr caused by oil, benefit to the follow-up biochemical treatment processes.Secondary treatment using hydrolysis acidification-sbr-contact oxidation/SBR joint process, can effectively remove the water in the SS and CODcr. Through the grille, regulation pool, hydrolysis acidification tank, SBR treatment systems in cities such as secondary treatment process, effluent can reach the level of the "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards," the level of emission standards at the national level.
Combined with the local actual condition, sludge treatment adopted: sludge concentration, mechanical dewatering process flow.
  In this paper regulation ponds, floating pool, SBR reactor and sludge concentration pool design specification is calculated, formulate, and rendering process, structures plane and elevation, the main structures of five drawing.

Keywords:
Cosmetics industry wastewater; gas flotation; hydrolysis acidification; SBR treatment system.




引言
在当今社会,化妆品已经成为生活当中必不可少的日常用品。在过去的20年里,化妆品生产以年均高于25%的速度增长,但是在化妆品生产过程产生的废水中含有高浓度的有机物、悬浮物和动植物油等。这些物质不仅对环境的污染加剧,而且对人类降的危害也日益普遍和严重。因此,为保护环境和人类降,必须将化妆品行业废水进行适当和必要的处理以达到国家排放标准。
1.化妆品废水的来源及水质特征
1.1化妆品生产废水的来源
化妆品可划分为-般液态单元、膏霜乳液单元、粉单元、气雾剂及有机溶剂单元、蜡基单元和其他单元等。化妆品的基础润肤原料主要分为:植物油类、蜡类、烃类、合成油脂和脂肪酸、脂肪醇和脂类;此外,还含有乳化剂、增稠剂、抗氧化剂、防腐杀菌剂和香精色素等。化妆品的生产操作单元-般是不连续的,可分为粉碎、研磨、粉末制品混合、乳化和分散、分离和分级、物料输送、加热和冷却、灭菌和消毒、产品的成型和包装、容器的清洗等。
根据化妆品厂的生产工艺,其废水主要来源如下:(1)清洗冲洗废水。如产品或中间产物的精制过程中的洗涤水,更换产品或是间歇反应时反应设备或反应釜的洗涤用水、洗瓶水等,其中主要成分是原料、产品及中间产物和副产物等。(2)产品加工过程工艺排水。生产过程中形成的废水如蒸馏残液、结晶母液、过滤母液等废水[2]。
1.2化妆品生产废水主要特点:

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