大齿轮测量：现状与趋势

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Large gears are the indispensable parts of large-scale equipments, but it is a tough task to inspect large gears owing to their increasing technical specifications, large size and heavy weight. Many factors affecting large gears measurement are analyzed. The measuring principals, methods and typical instruments of two kinds of large gears measurement： off-machine measurement and on-machine measurement, are reviewed in detail, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Based on the analysis of manufacture characters and application requirements for large gears, the general requirements and development direction are summarized, that are holistic model description and fast measurement. The new ideas, principles, solutions and artifact are introduced as well, especially, to inspect large gears with small instruments effectively will become a trend. As a solution, a new on-machine measuring method combining the virtues of laser tracking with coordinate metrology can figure out the problem of establishing relationship between the measuring instrument and large gear, this method also can be applied to the inspection of others complex and large parts, so it shows a favorable application prospect.大齿轮是大型装备的关键零部件,因其技术参数、尺寸和重量的要求不断增加,对其测量一直是技术难题。全面分析影响大齿轮测量的诸多因素,从齿轮离位式测量和齿轮在位式测量两个方面论述当前大齿轮测量的原理、方法及典型仪器,比较两类测量的优缺点;在分析大齿轮的加工特点和应用要求的基础上,指出实现大齿轮质量的全局表征和快速测量是大齿轮测量的总体要求和发展方向;介绍大齿轮测量的新思想、新原理、新方法和新样板,特别指出＂以小测大＂是特大型齿轮测量技术发展的必然趋势,基于激光跟踪干涉技术的在位测量方法集成激光跟踪和坐标测量技术的优点,可以精确确定测量仪器与被测齿轮的位置关系,不仅解决了在位测量的难题,也可用于其他大型复杂零件的测量,具有很好的应用前景。