非对称结构热变形非相似性规律研究

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The phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of object is a natural rule that has a significant influence in engineering applications. In this paper, the thermal deformation experiments of the commonly used mechanical engineering machinery bearing hole has been carried on. Using self-developed experimental device, in the --10-80 ℃ temperature range, a single hole is measured accurately on the different radial directs, and measurement data are analyzed and combined with the structure and size of hole surrounding. The results show that the thermal deformation feature of hole is not only closely related to the physical attributes of material, but still affected by its own structure and size of parts. That means thermal deformation of parts has non-similar thermal deformation features, that is, when some shape parts have thermal deformation, the size and structure of Darts all change to new status that is not similar to old shape of parts.物体热胀冷缩是自然规律，在工程应用中具有重要的影响。文章针对机械工程中常用的机械轴承孔进行热变形规律实验，采用自行研制的热变形实验装置，在－10－80℃温度范围内对单孔不同径向进行精密测量，并对测量数据分析，结合孔周边结构尺寸，得出孔的热变形量不仅与材料热膨胀系数物理属性紧密相关，与其自身结构尺寸也有较大影响，零件热变形具有非相似性特点。