铜制压力容器轻量化研究

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Allowable stresses of copper and copper alloys in Chinese standard are lower than those in European and American standards. It＇s a major reason why domestic copper pressure vessels consume more materials. Based on analysis of domestic and foreign copper pressure vessel standards, it was pointed out that yield strength crucially influence allowable stress for copper and copper alloys. The authors suggest that 1.0% proof strength instead of 0.2% proof strength should be used as yield strength to increase allowable stresses, thus to reduce the weight of domestic copper pressure vessels. And then take H62 copper alloy as an example, vessel burst tests and finite element analyses were made. The results show that copper pressure vessels still have enough strength margins after the suggestion is adopted.中国标准中铜材许用应力取值较欧美标准偏低，是国产铜制压力容器耗材较多的主要原因之一。通过比较和分析国内外铜制压力容器标准，指出屈服强度是影响铜材许用应力的关键因素。建议采用1．0％非比例延伸强度代替0．2％非比例延伸强度作为屈服强度，以提高铜材许用应力，进而提高我国铜制压力容器的轻量化水平。并以H62铜合金为例，进行了容器爆破试验研究和有限元分析，结果表明许用应力提高后，铜制压力容器仍具有较高的强度裕度。