地铁钢轨一种波磨机理的调查分析

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An investigation into the corrugation mechanism of rails in both tangent and curved tracks of a metro with Cologne fasteners is carried out through a detailed observation,an extensive measurement at sites and a numerical analysis.The rail corrugation presents the three different wavelengths which are respectively 20 mm,40 mm to 50 mm and 200 mm.The uneven wear of 40 mm to 50 mm is dominant in the corrugation development.In the investigation,first,a relationship between the characteristics of the rail corrugation and the track structure is analyzed based on the field measured data of the rail corrugation and the modal test of the track by using hammer knocking.Then a three-dimensional numerical model for the track is established by using finite element code ABAQUS to further verify such the relationship.The results are obtained by the numerical method coincide with those of the field tests.Through extensive field experiments and detailed theoretical analysis,the mechanism of the corrugation is understood basically and the resonance of the metro track mainly plays an important role in the rail corrugation generation.The numerical model is also used to analyze the effect of the stiffness and damping of the fasteners on the track resonances and the stiffness and damping of the Cologne fasteners have a great influence on the rail corrugation.通过现场观察、试验和数值分析方法对某地铁线路出现的一种钢轨波磨机理进行调查。该钢轨波磨在＂科隆蛋（Cologne）＂扣件轨道结构的直线和曲线段均有发生,其显著波磨波长（主波波长）为40～50mm,次波波长约为20mm和200mm。通过钢轨不平顺测试和力敲击试验对现场钢轨波磨特征与轨道结构特性的关系进行调查;通过利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立轨道结构的三维实体数值分析模型,计算分析轨道结构的动态特性与钢轨波磨特征之间的关系,轨道特性的数值计算结果与现场测试结果基本吻合。计算结果表明,＂科隆蛋＂扣件轨道的钢轨波磨产生与该轨道结构的垂向弯曲振动特性密切相关,不同扣件刚度和阻尼下轨道共振特性对钢轨波磨产生的影响较大。