柔性石墨密封垫片的研究现状及发展趋势

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The present research of flexible graphite sealing gasket were summarized. The preparation and performance of flexi- ble graphite, the main structure of metal-graphite composite gasket were introduced. The preparation technology mainly includes chemical oxidation method ,electrochemical method,microwave,detonation and gaseous volatilization method. The structures in- dude metal-graphite spiral wound gasket,flexible graphite corrugated metal gasket and metal to metal contact type gasket. The re- search status of graphite sealing mechanism were also analyzed and the main leaking models were summarized. The application of graphite seal in areas such as nuclear power and development trend were also prospected. The future development direction of graphite gasket concentrates on highly purified graphite and design of new structure. The finite element analysis as auxiliary meth- ods will become one of research hot spot.主要介绍了柔性石墨的性能和制备工艺，制备工艺主要分为化学氧化法、电化学法、微波法、爆炸法和气相挥发法；总结了石墨与金属组成的复合垫片的主要结构形式，包括金属石墨缠绕垫片、石墨波齿复合垫片和金属与金属接触型垫片；还分析了石墨密封机理的研究现状，总结了现有的垫片泄露模型，并对石墨密封在核电等领域的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望，指出未来石墨垫片发展的方向主要集中于石墨提纯、新密封结构开发，而有限元分析作为辅助的研究方法将成为热点课题之一。