304不锈钢波纹补偿器失效分析

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The failure of corrugated compensator made of 304 stainless steel was investigated using the optical microscope, SEM and microhardness testor. Many deformed slip-lines were observed in Austenite grains, and the carbide precipitates appeared between the grain-boundaries of Austenite. The fracture was brittle with characteristics of sugar candy pattern. There were the second deep cracks along the grains in the fracture. When the stainless steel with grain-boundary weakness was at work, initiation and propagation of micro-cracks happened due to stress, resulting in fatigue fracture in corrugated compensator.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度计等，对某304不锈钢波纹补偿器的断口进行了观察和测试分析．结果表明：304不锈钢的奥氏体晶粒内有许多变形的滑移线，且在奥氏体晶界上有碳化物沉淀析出；补偿器的断口呈冰糖状花样特征，断口面处存在较深的沿晶界的二次裂纹，断裂性质为沿晶脆性断裂；此晶界弱化的不锈钢在工作时，受工作应力作用萌生微裂纹，微裂纹扩展导致波纹管断裂．