基于等效载荷的故障诊断方法与现状

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The fault diagnosis method based on equivalent external load is a new solution of equipment fault diagnosis and makes furl use of the advantages of the traditional fault diagnosis method based on signal analysis and the linear dynamic model of a study objective. With this method, the actual equivalent external load （residual displacement） is calculated according to the monitored dynamic response and then is matched with an optimization algorithm in a theoretical fault Space in order to identify equipment faults quickly and accurately. Firstly, the development history and advantages of the fault diagnosis method based on equivalent external load were introduced and the basic principle and diagnosis flowchart of the discussed method in time and frequency domains were presented. Next, the current development of almost all theory and technologies about the fault diagnosis method based on equivalent external load, such as, equivalent external load model, calculation method of residual response, optimization algorithm used to identify faults, fault identification accuracy index, the lower accuracy solution of the formulated dynamic model, preproeess of the monitored signal and so on, were Summarized. The studying fruit of the discussed method was also reviewed. Finally, the future study subjects of the fault diagnosis method based on equivalent external load were suggested according to the analysis of its current development and the authors＇ knowledge.基于等效载荷的故障诊断方法将传统的基于信号分析的故障诊断方法与研究对象的线性动力学模型有机结合起来，根据监测的动力学响应，计算出实际的等效载荷（剩余位移），然后在故障空间中搜寻对应的最佳理论等效载荷（剩余位移），最终实现准确快速地诊断出设备的故障，为故障诊断领域提供一种新的思路。本文介绍了基于等效载荷的故障诊断方法的发展历史和优点，时域和频域方法的基本原理和诊断流程，在此基础上，分别从故障等效载荷模型、剩余响应的计算方法、故障判别的优化方法、故障判别精度指标、动力学建模精度较低的解决方法以及信号初处理等当前研究的问题进行了详细总结和概括，并对当前国内涉及该方法的研究成果进行了综述。通过分析当前的现状，给出基于等效载荷的故障诊断方法的未来发展方向。