大型螺纹磨床拖板动静态特性分析及结构优化

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采用SolidWorks建立某大型螺纹磨床拖板的三维模型,并借助ANSYS对其结构进行了模态分析,给出了拖板前三阶固有频率和相应振型,识别了该拖板结构的薄弱环节。在此基础上,以拖板结构固有频率及最大相对位移量为优化目标,同时考虑设计重量,提出该拖板结构四种改进方案,通过对各种方案分析比较确定结构综合优化方案并对其进行相应的静刚度校核确定最终优化方案。优化后的拖板与原型相比,重量基本保持不变的情况下,前三阶固有频率均有大幅提高,其中第一阶固有频率提高13.71,对应的一阶振型的最大相对位移量减小18.54;位移变形最大值减小65.3,最大等效应力值减小了11.4,从而实现了拖板的动静态特性分析与优化。对大型机床拖板的结构优化设计有着较大的借鉴意义。 The three-dimensional model of large-sized thread grinder carriage is modeled by SolidWorks,and the modal analysis of the carriage structure is made by ANSYS.The first three orders of natural frequency and mode shapes of the carriage are given and the weak points of the structure are identified.Taking the natural frequency and maximum relative displacement as the optimal targets and considering design weight of structures,four improved carriage schemes are presented,analyzed and compared.Then,the comprehensive optimization schemes are chosen and the most optimal structure is chosen by checking static stiffness. The results of the integrated optimal design of the carriage show that weight basically remains unchanged, the first three orders of natural frequency are all greatly increased,the first order of natural frequency of the redesigned carriage is increased 13.71%,the corresponding first-order mode shape maximum relative displacement is reduced 18.54%;The maximum displacement is reduced 65.3%,the maximum stress is reduced 11.4%by comparison with the original.The static-dynamics analysis and structural optimization is realized.All studies provide important theoretical basis for the structure optimization design of large-sized machine tool carriage.