低速重载齿轮箱箱体性能评价的新方法

Jun.2013机 床 与 液 压Hydromechatronics Engineering Vo1.41 No.12DOI：10.3969/j.isn.1001-3881.2013.12.006A New M ethod in Performance Evaluation of Large andHeavy-load Gearbox CasingW ANG HaixiaLuoyang Institute of Science and Technology，Luoyang 471023，China1.IntroductionAbstract：Based of the elastic deformation theo。considedng the influence of the elastic de。

formation of gear case on the transmission system in low speed and heavy gearbox，the paperproposed a concept of coaxial ofset degree and its calculation formula.Then a new method wasadopted to evaluate the performance of gear case considering the coaxial ofset degree.Taking aparticular center drive reducer for example.the finite element method was utilized to analyze theperformance of gear case.Finaly，the feasibility of the new evaluation method was verified inpractice working，which laid foundation for the performance evaluation standards establishment ofthe geaox casing。

Key words：large and heavy-load gearbox，gearbox casing evaluation method，coaxial ofset de-gree，elastic deformation theoryWith the large-scale development of engineeringmachinery，mining machinery ，large agricultural andindustrial equipment， gear transmission device e-volves into high power， heavy-load and eficientones.The major working load heavy-load gearboxsuffered can produce larger elastic deformation so thatthe gearbox casing wil become instability and fail-ure.Meanwhile，the space position of gear transmis-sion parts can be easily changed that will reduce thebearing capacity of the gear. Therefore，reasonabledesign of casing is great important to the research anddevelopment of low speed and heavy gear transmis-sion device[1].At present，the researchers and de-signers mainly enlarge the design size to improve theReceived：2013-05-09Hal 0f Henan province science and technology foundation andcuting-edge technology research project(122300410216)，Henan Provincial Department of Education Foundation frontierproject(12B460017)WANG Haixia，Doctor.E-mail：wanghaixil### 126.corncasing. The performance ofvaluated by the calculation ofd strain value[2-4].Due tog of transmission loading，the continuous increasigearbox casing cannot be designed simplified as rigidbody any more5-6].Thus the study of a new eva1。

uation method has an important significance to opti-mize the casing structure and to improve the stabilityand reliability of gearbox。

Based on elastic deform ation theory ，this paperproposed a new method that coaxial offset degree is a-dopted to evaluate the performance of gearbox casing。

One gearbox casing of center drive reducer was ana-lyzed by employing the FEM，and the coaxial offsetdegree of gearbox casing was achieved，which canprovide a reference for the design of the low speedand heavy gearbox casing。

2.Evaluation principle and theoretical ana-lysis of gearbox casingUsually，the gearbox casing is one of the mostcomplicated components in the structure of gearboxsystem，and the stifness of various bearing blocks isWANG Haixia：A New Method in Performance Evaluation of Large andHeavy-load Gearbox Casing 29different.Due to the asymmetry of loading in work。

ing，the bearing block will produce skewing or axisinclination，which can adversely affect the gear carry-ing capacity，bearing life and the reliability service ofgearbox.The elastic deform ation of the gear casing inwork is unavoidable，and the deform ation will be。

come larger with the increasing loading.For the extralarge gear transmission devices，enlarging the geome-try dimension has litle efect on approving the casingstiffness while increase the weight and manufacturingcost.Therefore，it is essential to design the gear cas-ing as elastomer。

The coaxial offset degree can be defined as therelative ofset degree of axis of bearing block holdingthe gear when the casing generates elastic deformationunder load. It is a critical index in measuring thecasing whether it satisfies the spacial relative locationamong various drive parts.The coaxial offset degreerelates to the loading and casing stifness，so it is un-able to make the coaxial ofset degree that satisfiesthe transmission requirement by improving the machi-ning precision of bearing block.As shown in Fig.1，the coaxial offset degree can be divided into x，y andz directions in fixed coordinate system，which can becalculated by the elastic deform ation of loading bear-ing block along ，Y and z，respectively。

Assuming that the coaxial ofset degree is indica-ted as Si(j ，Y，z)，then l h -h l (1)Where，J reflects the direction of coaxial ofset de。

gree，Jx，y、z，h signifes the elastic ofset of rightbearing block while hf means the elastic ofset of leftbearing block。

According to the definition of coax ial offset de-gree，the inclination angle of gear axis△ can be ex-pressed as△ nf兰1 ， (2)Where，L is the valid span of bearing。

The inclination angle of gear axis i has directinfluences on the gear tooth contact and carrying ca-pacity of gear pairs，and it is a significant index tomeasure the casing perform ances。

greeFrom formula(1)，the coaxial ofset degree ofcasing bearing block can be calculated by the givenelastic displacement of beating axis under rated con。

dition. The elastic displacement of bearing can beobtained by field test which need a long time andhigh cost.With the widely application of the finite el-ement method，adopting the FEM to compute the e-lastic displacement of bearing block can increase thedesign eficiency enorm ously。

(a)Initial position before load (b)Elastic deformation under loadFig.1 Coaxial offset degree diagramOwing to the complicated structure of the generalgear casing，the finite element model can be simpli-fled under the condition that does not affect the basicstructure and mechanics properties. Generally，theseveral parts which affect the stiffness of casing andthe elastic displacement of bearing block can be com-bined as one part，corners and fillets can be cleared。

and some holes and boss which have little influenceon the mechanics properties can be removed，such asthe FE model of large vertical mill reducer and heavyroiling mil reducer which were shown in Fig.2。

The casing mainly suffers the load applied bythe drive system through the bearing.As shown inFig.2(a)，the bearing block can not bear the radialload around 180。and the load is asymmetry becauseof the elastic deform ation of the bearing and bearingblock[2].The usual method is that applying unevenload on the bearing in 120。radial area to simulatethe bearing efect on the casing. Accurate calcula。

tions of load direction and 1oad size of bearing blockare needed in this method.the process is relativelycomplicated and the elastic displacement extraction ofbearing block axis under 1oad is difcult. Hence。

rigid ring instead of the bearing is adopted here to印 -ply load，the rigid ring is loaded along the ，Y andaxis，and then the rigid ring can automaticaly con。

duct the load combination and confirm the loading lo-cation，as shown in Fig.2(b).The displacement ofrigid ring under load can be regarded as the elasticdeform ation of bearing block axis.The coaxial offsetWANG Haixia：A New Method in Performance Evaluation of Large andHeavy-load Gearbox Casingof the casing deformation on the drive system.Owingto the uniforln evaluation criterion of coaxial offset de-gree had not been established，the perform ance levelof the casing cannot be got by the calculated coaxialoffset degree，only combining the coaxial offset de-gree with the experience to judge the casing whetherit satisfies the design requirements can be conducted。

After analysis of the coaxial offset degree of.024.026.028.0 30口 -0 32姜 -0 34.036.0 38.040- 042. 044O.5 1.O 1 5Load(x100%). 1 2. 1 3. 1.4. 1 5- 1 6- 1 7. 1 8. 1 9O0.1O- 0 1g -0 2g- o.3- O.4 0 5. 0 65 1 0 1.5Load(×100%)O 5 1 O 1.5Load(×100%)(a)Displacement ofbearing block 3 and 4 axisbearing block，the center drive reducer casing couldmeet the requirement of drive system，and the struc-ture of casing was reasonable that could ensure the u-niformity of the bearing elastic displacement.Afterthe long-term tracking survey of the center drive re。

ducer in operating state，it was found that the gear-box had a smooth operation and showed a good per-foF/nance。

0.630.620.61g 0.60g0.590.58O.570 560.5 1 0 1 5Load(×100%)· 0.8- 1 O. 1.2目 -1 4吕- 1.6 1.8.2 O.2 2OO8007006鲁 0O50.040O30O20.010 5 1.0 1 5Load(×loo%)0 5 l O l 5Load(×100%)(b)Displacement ofbearing block 9 and 1 0 axisFig.6 Displacement of bearing block axisTab.1 Coaxial ofset degree of bearing block pairs5.ConclusionsBased on the elastic deform ation theory， theconcept and compute form ula of coaxial offset degreewere proposed considering the influence of gearboxcasing on the drive system.Taking a center drive re-ducer for example，a new method using finite elementmethod combing with the practice in low-speed andheavy-load gearbox casing perform ance evaluationwas researched.The analysis showed that the struc-ture of gearbox casing was reasonable，and the coaxi-al offset degree of each bearing block pairs was in theappropriate scope which can ensure the proper opera-tion of drive system.The long running of the reducershowed that the casing perform ed wel，it verified thevalidity of the theoretically analysis and the reasona-ble of the new method in heavy-load gearbox casingperform ance evaluation。

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低速重载齿轮箱箱体性能评价的新方法王海霞洛阳理工学院，河南 洛阳 471023[7] YANG chengyun，LIN Tengjiao，LI Runfang，et a1.Fi-nite element analysis and structure optimization for centerdrive gearbox[J].HEAVY MACHINERY，2001，2：42- 45。

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摘要：基于弹性变形理论，考虑低速重载齿轮箱箱体弹性 变形对传动 系统的影响，提出同轴偏移度的概念和计算公式。提出了采用同轴偏移度对箱体进行性能评价的新方法。以某款中心驱动减速器为例，将有限元法的分析结果与实际情况进行了对比，验证了该评价方法的可行性。

关键词 ：低速重载齿轮箱 ；箱体评价方法；同轴偏移度 ；弹性变形理论中图分类号：TH13(Continued OU 14 page)采用磁流体的液压伺服阀力矩马达三维有限元分析张 振 ，曾 文，韩哈斯敖其尔，李松晶哈尔滨工业大学 机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150001摘要：力矩马达是电液伺服阀的关键元件之-，其输出力矩特性对伺服阀性能具有较大的影响。利用磁流体(magnetic fluid，MF)具有较大的磁导率和在外加磁场作用下具有较大磁化强度的特点，通过在液压伺服阀力矩马达的工作气隙中添加磁流体来改善伺服阀力矩马达磁路效率，提高伺服 阀动态性能。给出了添加磁流体的力矩马达磁路三维有限元分析模型。利用电磁场三维有限元分析方法对添加磁流体和不添加磁流体的力矩马达的磁场分布及力矩特性进行 了分析♂果表 明：添加磁流体后力矩马达的磁场强度及衔铁输出力矩值有明显改进。

关键词：力矩马达；伺服阀；磁流体；三维有限元分析中图分类号 ：TH137.53 2