角位移传感器在智能断路器机械特性测试中的应用

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Jun.2013机 床 与 液 压Hydromeehatronics Engineering Vo1.41 No.12DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2013.12.005Application of Angular Displacement SensorTest M echanical Characteristics of IntelligentM olded Case Circuit BreakerLIU Faying ，SU Xiuping ，WANG Yubo.Colege ofElectrical Engineering，Hebei Univeity of Technology，Tianfin 300130，China；2.Colege of Electrical and Electronic Engineering，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo 255049，China1.IntroductionAbstract：Inteligent molded case circuit breaker is an important switch of inteligent low voltagedistribution system.The sensitivity and reliability of its closing and opening determine whether theelectrical equipment at al levels can run safely.Optimizing or online monitoring of a circuit break-er.we need to test the mechanicaI characteristics of the circuit breaker operating mechanism.Inthis paper，a plastic conductive angular displacement sensor is used to design an experimentaldevice which can be used to test the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker.This paperdescribes the process of the experiment in details，and analyses the efects of filtering and vibra-tion to experiments.By increasing the filter and anti-vibration measurements，the qulity of testingwaveforms could be improved.This experimental method has reference significance for other oc-casions of angle displacement measurement。

Key words：moulded case circuit breaker，angular displacement sensor，operating mechanism，mechanicaI characteristicsIntelligent molded case circuit breaker is a mainelectrical switch in the intelligent low-voltage powersystem.Its sensitivity and reliability determine whenclosing and opening decisions are made for the safeoperation at all levels of electrical equipments.Basedon the survey resuhs.it shows that more than 7O% ofthe breaker failure is caused by mechanical reasons。

in these failures，the operating mechanism failuresaccount for the dominant failure1].Therefore，theimprovement of stability and reliability of the circuitbreaker operating mechanism could effectively im。

prove the operational reliability.By using virtual pro-Received：2013-O1-26Hebei Natural Science Fund Project(E201 1202079)SU Xiuping.Professor.E-mail：suxiuping### hebut.edu.antotyping to optimize the circuit breaker operatingmechanism，such as the speed of the breaking，clos-ing，tripping，it could dramatically decrease the costsand reduce the workload[2].The action curves ofcircuit breaker operating mechanism are important in-dicators to analyze the circuit breaker perform ance。

In order to obtain the virtual prototype model which isconsistent with the actual prototype and conduct thesimulation on circuit breakers，we need to actuallymeasure the action curves of circuit breaker operatingmechanism [3].By comparing the experimentalcurves with the simulation results，the virtual proto-type model could be improved[4].In addition，ason-Line monitoring circuit breaker running states toprotect circuit breaker operational reliability，it alsoneeds to measure the circuit breaker mechanicalcharacteristics[5].In this paper，by using an angu-lar displacement sensor，a circuit breaker mechanicalcharacteristics test laboratory bench has been estab-lished.Based on this test bench，the tripping，man-Hydromechatronics Engineeringual opening and closing action curves of the inteli-gent molded case circuit breaker could be obtained。

The experimental procedure is analyzed and presen-ted in this article。

a five-bar linkage mechanism.The five-link mecha-nism with two degrees of freedom ，so the trip at thesame time could also contribute to the moving con-tacts quickly opening[7]。

2.principle of the intelligent molded case 3.Design of the circuit breaker mechanicalcircuit breaker operating mechanismFig.1 is a operating mechanism diagram of theintelligent molded case circuit breaker.It is a kind ofspring energy linkage mechanism.The main parts arethe moving contacts，lower connecting rod g，the up-per connecting rod h，the operating handle l，thebreaking spring 2，tripping device，and latching de-vice etc[6]。

Fig.1 Intelligent molded case circuit breakeroperating mechanismMoving contacts are driven by the breakingspring through point B.When the circuit breaker isin the closing position，the point C is temporarilyfixed.So it is composed of the four-bar linkage bythe contact holder OA，the lower connecting rod g，the upper connecting rod h，and CO.The lower linkg and the upper link h is substantialy a straight line，so the operating mechanism is in a stable closing po-sition。

When the operation handle pushes to the left，breaking spring along with the rotation of the handleare stretched for energy storage.Once the line of thespring force exceeds the upper link h，the point B ofthe upper and lower connecting rod rapidly increases，so that the lower link g drives the movable contactalTfl rotated around the axis O，so the movable con-tacts are up quickly and opening。

As the circuit breaker is closed，if the circuit inthe event of under voltage，loss of pressure，overloador short circuit，the latching device will release thetripping device. Thus，the contact holder OA，thelower link g，the upper link h，CO2and OO2 composecharacteristics laboratory benchThe quick action of the circuit breaker operatingmechanism is crucial to improve the breaking capaci-ty of the circuit breaker.The moving contact actioncurves of the circuit breaker operating mechanism arean important indicator to analyze the performance ofcircuit breaker.Fig.2 is an assembly view of testingcircuit breaker movable contact action curves.In thisfigure，the shaft center of the moving contacts is con-nected by coupling with the angular displacementsensor.In this diagram，two different methods are a-dopted to simultaneously measure the displacement。

They are the angular displacement sensor and the ro-tary encoder.However，this paper only describes themeasurement method of the angular displacement sen-Snr。

encodd switching power supplyangular displacement SttSOr support plate MCU boardFig.2 The laboratory bench assembly view of testing forthe circuit breaker mechanical characteristics3.1.The angular displacement sensorThis paper selects a plastic conductive angulardisplacement sensor which is composed mainly of theresistor body，shaft，brush and casing etc.The sen-sor is characterized by high-resolution，small rotarytorque，long life，and good output smoothing，corro-sion-resistant and fast response speed. Plastic con-ductive angu lar displacement sensors are divided intodirect-sliding and rotating types，this article selectsthe rotary type.When the output location of the test-ed system is 0.the output voltage of detection circuitis 0 V；when the output location has a deviation from0，the output voltage of detection circuit is not 0 V。

LIU Faying，et al：Application of Angular Displacement Sensor to Test MechanicalCharacteristics of Intelligent Molded Case Circuit Breaker 25Since the output voltage and angle of rotation is a lin-ear relationship，the plastic conductive angular dis-placement sensor could be used to test a circuitbreaker moving contact motion curves[8]。

3.2.Power supply of the laboratory benchThe DC power for angular displacement sensorprovides stable power supply. DC voltage-stabilizedpower is composed of power transformer，rectifier cir-cuit，filter circuit and voltage-stabilizing circuit com-ponents.According to the requirement of the sensor，DC 12 V regulated power supply has been Selected。

3.3.The circuit breakermechanical characteristicsoperating mechanismtest benchFig.3 is a test bench designed to test the mov-ing contacts action curves of the operating mecha-nism.The angular displacement sensor has connectedto the spindle axis of the circuit breaker. The DCregulated power supply provides stable power supplyfor the sensor.The digital storage oscilloscope is usedto test the output voltage wavefo1TU.A cable is usedto establish a communication between the oscilloscopeand the host computer.The PC and the oscilloscopescan exchange data with each other。

Fig.3 The circuit breaker operating mechanismmechanical characteristics test bench4.Experiment of mechanical characteristicstest of the circuit breaker4.1.The test of tripping curve of the circuitbreakerThe experimental initial states are as folows：When the circuit breaker is in the closing state.theconductive plastic sensor R23 is aajusted too。”(here terminal 2 is adjustable)through a couplingconnects the sensor shaft with the spindle center ofthe circuit breaker to maintain the position of thissensor not tO move。

Here，the sensor connects to 12 V DC powersupply.The positive term inal of the power connectsto the term inal 1 of the sensor and negative terminalof the power connects to term inal 3 of the sensor.Af-ter the power of the osciloscope is turned on，theCH1 channel and the probe adjust tox 1”.The os-cilloscope test term inal is connected to the term inal 20f the sensor，the ground terminal is connected to theterm inal 3 of the sensor.The oscilloscope CH1 chan-nel and trigger coupling is set to DC.In order to testthe transient signal，the trigger model of the oscillo-scope should be set to single trigger.When the cir-cult breaker operating mechanism has been placed inthe closing state，pressing the RUN/STOP button ofthe oscilloscope panel set the osciloscope in theWAIT”state.By adjusting the osciloscope triggerLEVEL” button，trigger electrical signal should beadjusted slightly higher than the electrical signalthrough which operating mechanism is not in action。

When the circuit breaker operating mechanism istripping，the tipping curve will be ab le to test out。

Fig.4 is the moving contacts experimental curve whenthe circuit breaker operating mechanism is tripping。

JCH1 200mV 2.000mS Delay：9.839 999msFig.4 The circuit breaker operating mechanismtripping curve4.2.The test Of action curve when manual switc。

hing of the circuit breakerThe experiment initial states as manual switchof the circuit breaker are identical to the one thattripping experiment has. When experimental stateshave been adjusted，manualy switching of the cir-cuit breaker。the contact curve can be detected.Fig。

5 is the movable contact experimental curve when thecircuit breaker is manually switched of。

4.3.The test of action curve when manual switching on the circuit breakerWhen manual switching on the circuit breaker，the experimental initial states are as follows：As theHydromechatronics Engineeringcircuit breaker operating mechanism buckles on，andis in an opening state.It needs to adjust the conduc-tire plastic sensor R23 to 0n.The positive terminalof the DC power connects to the terminal 3 of the sen。

sor，negative term inal of the power connects to theterminal 1 of the sensor.The oscilloscope test termi。

nal is connected to the term inal 2 of the sensor.theground terminal is connected to the term inal 1 of thesensor.Closing contact system can detect the manualclosing action curve.Fig.6 is the experiment curvewhen the movable contacts are closing。

CH1 200mV 5.000ms Delay：14 000 000msFig.5 The moving contact action curvewhen manual switching ofRIGOL' HI； ～ 0./CH1 200m V 2000ms Dela ，：20 08000msFig.6 The moving contact action curvewhen manuM switching on5.The experimental process analysis5.1.The influence of filteringIn the data collection process.it is inevitable to；oint random interference signal in the measurementchannel which results in random errors.In order toreduce the random eror，low-pass filter will be usedto take out the high frequency signal interference。

Fig.7 is the measured curve when there is no filter。

Fig.8 is the measurement CHIVe with the same exper。

imental conditions when the filter is placed.Throughthe comparisons between these two figures，it is easyto say that the use of the low-pass filter makes theoutput curve much smoother。

， CH1 200 mV 1.000 ms Delay：4 030 000 msFig.7 The unfihered measurement curveRIGOL-广/ - 。

/ ，/ . ：：CH1 200 mV 1.000ms Delay：3 840 00msFig.8 The waveform after increasing filter5.2.The influence of the vibrationIf experimental device is not firmly fixed.it isprone to vibration.the vibration will iBerease inter-ference，affect the accuracy of the measurement。

Fig.9 is a curve in which the anti.vibration measure。

ments are not adopted.In order to reduce the efectof vibration on the experiments，an anti-vibration padis applied at the bottom of the circuit breaker andtest.bed base.And then.under the same experimen。

tal conditions， some waveforms are obtained， asshown in Fig.10.As can be seen from these two fig-ures，the anti.vibration pad will make the wavefor/nconverges faster。

RIGOL/ - l：CH1 200mV 5 000ms Delay：10 000 O0msFig.9 The curve of no anti-vibration measurementLIU Faying，et al：Application of Angular Displacement Sensor to Test MechanicalCharacteristics of Intelligent Molded Case Circuit Breaker 27RIGOL。 V / ：- CH1 200 mV 5 000ms Delay：14 90000msFig.10 The curve of instaling anti-vibration measurement6.ConclusionsIn this paper，mechanical characteristics of theintelligent molded case circuit breaker have beentested by using of the angular displacement sensor。

This paper has explored the experimental design andprocedure.During the experiment，the filtering andanti-vibration measures have been tested.The experi-mental results show that these two measures could im。

prove the accuracy of the waveform.The experimentsare quite simple and practical，this test method couldbe adopted to other angular displacement measure-ment occasionS。

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[4] SU Xiuping，REN Junyong.Reliability Analysis of Moul-ded Case Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism Based onADAMS[J].Low Voltage Apparatus，2010(14)：1-4。

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角位移传感器在智能断路器机械特性测试中的应用刘发英 。，苏秀苹 ，王禹博1.河北工业大学 电气工程学院，天津 300130；2.山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院，山东 淄博 255049摘要 ：智能塑壳断路器是低压智能配电系统的重要开关器件，其分合闸的灵敏性及可靠性决定着各级用电设备能否安全运行。对断路器进行优化设计或在线监测时，需要测试断路器操作机构的机械特性。利用塑料导电角位移传感器设计 了测试断路器机械特性的实验台￠绍了实验过程，并分析 了滤波及振动对实验结果的影响。通过增加滤波及防震措施提高了测试波形的质量。

关键词：断路器；角位移传感器；操作机构；机械特性中图分类号：TH-39