高速电主轴多场耦合动力学特性研究

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A new multi-physical coupled dynamic model of high-speed motorized spindles is established in the paper. The entire model consists of four sub--models： bearing, thermal, spindle dynamic and electromagnetic models. Based on the coupled re- lationships, five coupled factors, which are thermal expansion, centrifugal expansion of bearing inner ring, contact expansion of bearing ring, the unbalanced magnetic pull and centrifugal force, have been presented. And effects of the coupled factors on the operation states of motorized spindles could be acquired from the designed calculation procedures. Finally, an overall exper- iments and calculations on a 2ZDG60 motorized spindle are carried out under several operating conditions. Calculation results show that the coupled factors have great influence on dynamic stiffness and loss power of the bearings, dynamic behavior of the spindle, respectively. The good agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data indicates that the multi- physical coupled dynamic model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior and temperature rise distribution of high-speed motorized spindles.建立了一种新型的高速电主轴多场耦合动力学模型，讨论了轴承模型、热态模型、芯轴动力学模型和电机电磁模型之间的耦合关系，提出热膨胀、轴承内圈离心膨胀、轴承内外圈接触膨胀、电磁不平衡拉力载荷和离心力载荷5种耦合因素，并且设计出多场耦合动力学模型的计算流程，分析耦合因素对高速电主轴系统运行状态的影响。以2ZDG60型高速电主轴为研究对象，计算结果表明，考虑耦合因素与不考虑耦合因素相比较，轴承动态支承刚度、轴承损耗功率以及芯轴动力学行为差别较大，实验结果表明：考虑耦合因素时的高速电主轴温升分布和芯轴固有特性与实验结果的吻合度较高。