船舶增压器静压气体轴承-转子系统动力学特性研究

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针对船舶增压器实验台的静压气体轴承-转子系统，提出一种流场与转子动力学的准动态耦合分析方法；采用CFD软件对静压气体轴承不同偏心率及转速下的静态承载力进行流场计算，依据计算结果拟合出气体轴承气膜支承力随偏心率和转速变化的非线性函数关系。采用有限元法建立了转子系统的动力学模型，对重力、不平衡力、气膜支承力作用下的转子系统动力学响应进行了耦合计算，获得了系统的临界转速和响应特性。在此基础上对船舶涡轮增压器轴承-转子系统进行了实验测试，验证了准动态耦合方法的有效性。研究结果表明，与传统采用线性气膜刚度相比，采用基于CFD计算的非线性气膜支承力能够更好地刻划气体轴承-转子系统的动力学特性。 An aerostatic bearing-rotor system with a ship turbocharger was studied. One quasi-dynamic interaction method between flow field and rotor dynamics was proposed. CFD software was used to calculate flow field with variation of eccentricity and rotor speed. Based on the calculation results, one nonlinear fitting function of the bearing load capacity related to eccentricity and rotor speed was derived. The finite element method and the coupling analysis method were used respectively to build the dynamic model of the rotor system and to calculate its dynamic response under the influences of gravity, unbalanced force and gas film force. The critical speed and the response characteristics were obtained. The computed numerical results were verified with tests. The studying results showed that the proposed method based on calculation results of CFD can describe dynamic characteristics of an aerostatic bearing-rotor system better than the traditional method does.