载荷状况对机床三支承主轴疲劳寿命的影响

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Effect of load condition on fatigue life of three-support spindle in machine toolsLI You-tang ，JI Wei ，LI Huai-qing ，GU Dong-kai。

(1.Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Technology and Application，The Ministry of Education，Inzhou Univ.of Teeh.，L.anzhou730050，China；2.Colege of Mechano-Electronic Engineering，Lanzhou Univ.of Teek ，Lanzhou 730050，China)Abstract：I.oad condition and support form have an important influence on the fatigue lire of shaft.Thethree-support spindle of machine tools was taken as the research object to establish a finite element modelof the assembly of three-support spindle.By using the critical plane approach-based pxediction model of FSand SWT multiaxis fatigue 1ife。the fatigue lire was estimated by calculating the stress and strain.The re-sult showed that the fatigue life of three-support shaft would decrease with the load in condition of lowspeed and heavy load，and failure position was at the area of the connection of the gear with the shaft.Atabout the critical speed。the failure position would shift tO the front support.Above the critical speed，thefatigue life of the shaft would again reduce with the load，and the decreasing became gentle.In addition，the fatigue life of three-support shaft would decrease with the displacement of the bearing，the effect of thebearing displacement of the middle support was maximal，that of rear support was middle，and that offront support was minima1。

Key words：three-support shaft；load condition；finite element；critical plane；fatigue life轴是机械设备中传递动力和运动的重要零件，尤其是为了满足刚度和强度的要求，轴多采用三支承结构，通常要承受交变载荷，而且三支承轴的静不定问题使得轴的力学响应更加复杂，轴的疲劳寿命和轴的力学响应关系密切，因此系统研究不同载荷状况下三支承轴的疲劳问题变得很突出。

文献[1]应用有限元法建立了三支承主轴的数学模型，并且以CWI 6163-AI 型普通车床的主轴部收稿 日期：基金项目：作者简介：201 2-03-28教育部重点项目(208152)李有堂(1963-)，男，甘肃定西人，博士，教授，博导. 件为例，对模型进行拟合验证.文献[2]应用有限元法推导出三支承主轴的静变形和支反力的计算公式.文献[3]讨论三支承轴静不定问题产生附加动载荷对支承轴承寿命的影响.文献[4]应用平面应力单元和傅立叶环单元耦合的有限元法对航空发动机静不定转子支承惯性载荷进行计算，解决了材料力学求解的缺陷.文献[5]讨论扭转条件下过渡圆角半径及径比对阶梯轴疲劳寿命的影响.文献[6]研究支承宽窄以及 角对轴类零件疲劳寿命的影响.文献[7]分析扭转载荷下缺 口参数对圆周应力分布的影响。

文献Is]将层次分析法(AHP)用于轴类零件随机动兰 州 理 工 大 学 学 报 第 39卷态载荷的分析评定中，建立随机动态载荷的分级标准。

文献[9]采用临界面法、有限元法和实验分析方法对多轴加载条件下低周疲劳寿命估算问题进行讨论.文献[10]在分析多轴损伤临界面上的能量变化特性的基础上，提出-种基于临界面法的多轴疲劳损伤参量，将表征附加强化的非比例度作为摩擦系数引人其中，并