滚动轴承复合故障特征分离的小波-频谱自相关方法
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Compound Fault Features Separation of Rolling Element Bearing Based onthe W avelet Decomposition and Spectrum Auto-correlationMING Anbo · CHU Fulei ZHANG Wei(1.State Key laboratory ofTfibologTsinghua University,Beijing 100084;2.The Sixth Department,The Second Artilery Engineering University,Xian 7 10025)Abstract: In order to separate the compound fault features from a single-channel vibration,the combination of the waveletdecomposition and spectrum auto-correlation method is proposed,based on the wavelet frame theory.Decomposing the compoun dfault deduced vibration、vit1 orthogonal wavelet basis functions.the spectrum auto-correlation method is applied to sub-signals thatreconstructed wim diferent scales vibration respectively.Eliminating the tail phenomenon which existed in the result of time domainauto-correlation,the proposed method possesses a more po werful anti-noise capability an d highlights the fault deduced impulsefeature with primary energy.Based on the analysis of vibration colected on the test rig of 6220 roling element bearing with inner andouter race defect,the efi ciency of the proposed procedure is validated as wel1.It is shown that the lesser powerful fault inducedimpulsive feature is restrained in any decomposed sub sign als,which actualizes the separation of the compound fault features。
Compared with the combination of wavelet and envelope analysis,the proposed method is more powerful with eficient featuresseparation efectandisvaluableforthe engineering application。
Key words: Rolling element bearing Compoun d fault Features separation Wavelet decomposition Spectrum auto-corelation0 前言滚动轴承是旋转机械中广泛使用的部件,其故障诊断技术受到越来越多的关注↑30年来,人们国家自然科学基(51075224)、清华大学自主科研计划课(2011Z08137)和摩擦学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(sKLTl1AO2)资助项目。20120704收到初稿,20121224收到修改稿相继提出包络分析、小波变换2-3、谱峭度4-5、Protrugramt6J以及调制强度分布 J等方法来提取轴承的故障特征。但上述方法主要研究单点故障诊断,而工程实际中有的设备需要轴承损坏达到-定程度才更换,期间可能出现多种故障并存现象。已有的旋转机械复合故障研究以转轴裂纹与碰摩、转轴不对中与转子偏心等复合故障为主[8-10],对于轴承复合故障诊断的研究还非常少。文献11.12]采用基于2013年2月 明安波等:滚动轴承复合故障特征分离的小波.频谱自相关方法 81模型的方法和智能分类方法进行多故障诊断,但合适的学习数据并不易获取,难以推广应用。而盲源分离13-14]需要多个信号通道进行分析,文献[15即采用小波分析与盲源分离结合的方法进行滚动轴承复合故障分离,但结果中各通道故障特征成分不够单-,不利于工程应用。由于安装环境及工作条件的限制,有的机械安装多个传感器并不太现实,因此,用尽量少的传感器诊断故障并实现特征分离具有重要的工程意义。
结合文献[16]从单通道中分离多个信号的思想,本文将内、外圈复合故障信号采用小波分解为多个子信号并采用频谱自相关方法提取各子信号的故障特征♂果表明,小波分解.频谱自相关方法能较好地分离单通道复合信号中的内、外圈故障特征,具有较高的工程应用价值。